False-positive HIV test

What can cause a false-positive HIV test?

HIV tests are designed to be highly specific, so false-reactive results are uncommon. However, no screening test is perfect, and occasionally a test may produce a reactive result in someone who does not have HIV.

Possible reasons for a false-reactive HIV test can include:

• incorrect sample collection, handling or testing procedure;
• misinterpretation of a visually read rapid test result;
• test devices that were stored or used outside the manufacturer's instructions;
• non-specific antibody binding or other biological cross-reactivity;
• certain medical conditions that can interfere with antibody-based testing.

A reactive HIV self-test or screening result does not by itself confirm that someone has HIV. Appropriate follow-up testing is required to determine whether the result represents an HIV infection.

If you have received a reactive result, read what a reactive HIV test result means and arrange follow-up testing with a healthcare professional or testing service.

For additional information about false-reactive HIV test results, see the CDC information on false-positive HIV test results.