HIV-1 and HIV-2 are the two types of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Both can affect the immune system and, without effective treatment, can progress to AIDS.
HIV-1 is by far the most common type of HIV worldwide and causes the great majority of HIV infections. It has substantial genetic diversity, with different groups and subtypes found around the world.
HIV-2 is a distinct type of HIV. It is much less common worldwide and is found mainly in West Africa, although cases also occur in other regions.
HIV-2 generally progresses more slowly than HIV-1 and is often associated with lower viral loads. However, untreated HIV-2 can still cause serious immune-system damage and can progress to AIDS.
Many modern HIV screening tests are designed to detect both HIV-1 and HIV-2, but the exact detection capabilities depend on the specific test. Always check the manufacturer's Instructions for Use for the HIV test you are using.
A reactive screening result does not by itself determine whether someone has HIV-1 or HIV-2. Additional laboratory testing may be required to confirm the diagnosis and distinguish between the two types.
You can learn more about how modern HIV tests work on our HIV antigen/antibody testing page.
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